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week 16 test Q7 +
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week 17 test Q8
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Divergent : is a 2014 American science fiction action film
directed by Neil Burger, based on the novel of the same name by Veronica Roth. The story takes place in a dystopian and post-apocalyptic
Chicago where people are divided into distinct factions based on human virtues.
Beatrice Prior is warned that she is Divergent and thus will never fit into any
one of the factions. She soon learns that a sinister plot is brewing in her
seemingly perfect society.
The Hunger Games trilogy: is a series
of three adventure novels written by the American novelist Suzanne Collins.
The series is set in The Hunger Games universe, and follows young characters
Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark. The novels have all been developed into
films, with the film adaptation of Mockingjay split into two parts.
Adventures
of Huckleberry Finn: is a novel by Mark Twain, first published in the
United Kingdom in December 1884 and in the United States in February 1885.
Commonly named among the Great American Novels, the work is among the first in
major American literature to be written throughout in vernacular English,
characterized by local color regionalism. It is
told in the first person by Huckleberry "Huck" Finn, a friend of Tom
Sawyer and narrator of two other Twain novels (Tom Sawyer Abroad and Tom
Sawyer, Detective). It is a direct sequel to The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer.
The book is noted
for its colorful description of people and places along the Mississippi River.
Set in a Southern antebellum society that had ceased to exist about 20 years
before the work was published, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an often
scathing satire on entrenched attitudes, particularly racism.
Mark
Twain:
was an American
author and humorist. Among his
writings are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)
and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called
"The Great American Novel".
Twain was raised
in Hannibal, Missouri, which later provided the setting for Huckleberry Finn
and Tom Sawyer. After an apprenticeship with a printer, Twain worked as a
typesetter and contributed articles to the newspaper of his older brother,
Orion Clemens. He later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River
before heading west to join Orion in Nevada. He referred humorously to his lack
of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial
Enterprise. In 1865, his humorous story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of
Calaveras County", was published, based on a story he heard at Angels
Hotel in Angels Camp, California, where he had spent some time as a miner. The
short story brought international attention, and was even translated into
classic Greek. His wit and satire, in prose and in speech, earned praise from
critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists,
and European royalty.
The
Whale : is a novel by American writer Herman Melville,
published in 1851 during the period of the American Renaissance. Sailor Ishmael
tells the story of the obsessive quest of Ahab, captain of the whaler Pequod,
for revenge on Moby Dick, the white whale which on an earlier voyage destroyed
his ship and severed his leg at the knee. The novel was a commercial failure
and out of print at the time of the author's death in 1891, but during the 20th
century its reputation as a Great American Novel was established. William
Faulkner confessed he wished he had written it himself, and D. H. Lawrence
called it "one of the strangest and most
wonderful books in the world", and "the greatest book of the sea ever
written". "Call me Ishmael" is among world literature's
most famous opening sentences.
The
Bluest eye: is a 1970 novel by American author Toni Morrison. It
is Morrison's first novel and was written while she was teaching at Howard
University and raising her two sons on her own. The
story is about a year in the life of a young black girl named Pecola who
develops an inferiority complex due to her eye color and skin appearance.
It is set in Lorain, Ohio, against the backdrop of America's Midwest during the
years following the Great Depression. The point of view switches between the
perspective of Claudia MacTeer, as a child and as an adult, and a third-person
omniscient viewpoint. Because of the controversial nature of the book, which
deals with racism, incest, and child molestation, there have been numerous
attempts to ban it from schools and libraries
The Giver: is a 1993
American young-adult utopian novel by Lois Lowry. It is set in a society which at first appears to be a utopian
society but is later revealed to be a dystopian one as the story progresses.
The novel follows an 11 year old boy named Jonas. The society has eliminated
pain and strife by converting to "Sameness," a plan that has also
eradicated emotional depth from their lives. Jonas is selected to inherit the
position of Receiver of Memory, the person who stores all the past memories of
the time before Sameness, as there may be times where one must draw upon the
wisdom gained from history to aid the community's decision making. Jonas
struggles with concepts of all the new emotions and things introduced to him: whether they are inherently good, evil, or in between,
and whether it is even possible to have one without the other. The
Community lacks any color, memory, climate and terrain, all in effort to
preserve structure, order, and a true sense of equality beyond personal
individuality
Quiz
Term explanation
stanza: is a grouped
set of lines within a poem, usually set off from other stanzas by a blank line
or indentation. Stanzas can have regular
rhyme and metrical schemes, though stanzas are not strictly required to have
either. There are many unique forms of stanzas. Some stanzaic forms are
simple, such as four-line quatrains. Other forms are more complex, such as the
Spenserian stanza. Fixed verse poems, such as sestinas, can be defined by the
number and form of their stanzas. The term stanza is similar to strophe, though
strophe is sometimes used to refer to irregular set of lines, as opposed to
regular, rhymed stanzas
novelistic: of or characteristic of novels, esp in
style or method of treatment
syllogism: is a kind of
logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion
based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.
In its earliest
form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the
major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is
deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that
Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is
mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form
free
verse: is an open form of poetry. It does not use consistent meter
patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern. It thus tends to follow the
rhythm of natural speech
carpe
diem: is a Latin aphorism,
usually translated "seize the day", taken
from book 1 of the Roman poet Horace's work Odes
memento
mori: is a Latin
expression, originating from a practice common in Ancient Rome; as a
general came back victorious from a battle, and during his parade
("Triumph") received compliments and honors from the crowd of
citizens, he ran the risk of falling victim to haughtiness and delusions of
grandeur; to avoid it, a slave stationed behind him would say "Respice
post te. Hominem te memento" ( "Look after you [to the time after
your death] and remember you're [only] a man."). It
was then reused during the medieval period, it is also related to the ars
moriendi ("The Art of Dying") and related literature. Memento
mori has been an important part of ascetic disciplines as a means of perfecting
the character by cultivating detachment and other virtues, and by turning the
attention towards the immortality of the soul and the afterlife.
holy
matrimony: is a phrase used by
Christians to describe marriage神聖結合
is this poem addressed: to somebody
learn:
get inform
It’s my pleasure
to learn[得知]
preoccupation
occupy: 佔據
aero=air
allusions
is a
figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or
circumstance from an external context. It is left to the audience to make the connection; where the
connection is directly and explicitly stated (as opposed to indirectly implied)
by the author, an allusion is instead usually termed a reference. In the arts,
a literary allusion puts the alluded text in a new context under which it
assumes new meanings and denotations. It is not possible to predetermine the
nature of all the new meanings and inter-textual patterns that an allusion will
generate. Literary allusion is closely related to parody and pastiche, which
are also "text-linking" literary devices.
literary/
biblical /mythological allusions
of the western civilization
lyric poem
is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions
or feelings, typically spoken in the first person. The term derives from
a form of Ancient Greek literature, the lyric, which was defined by its musical
accompaniment, usually on a stringed instrument known as a lyre. The term owes
its importance in literary theory to the division developed by Aristotle between three broad categories of poetry:
lyrical, dramatic and epic.
Story
The Legend of Aegeus - The Mistake of a
Son and the Death of a King
Forty-three miles
south of Athens, Greece, one can find the magnificent cliffs of Cape Sounion.
This is a beautiful site with breathtaking sunset views over the Aegean Sea. However, Sounion is a location that
offers more than just spectacular views. According to Greek mythology, the
Aegean Sea was named after mythological Greek King Aegeus after he flung
himself off the cliff, to his death, upon the mistaken belief that his son had
died. This ancient tragic tale involves a theme that is still used in modern
story-telling today, which is that of misunderstanding and the tragic
consequences that can follow.
Aegeus: was an
archaic figure in the founding myth of Athens. The "goat-man"
who gave his name to the Aegean Sea was, next to Poseidon, the father of
Theseus, the founder of Athenian institutions and one of the kings of Athens.
Theseus: was the
mythical king of Athens and was the son of Aethra by two fathers: Aegeus and
Poseidon.
Theseus was a
founder-hero, like Perseus, Cadmus, or Heracles (Hercules), all of whom battled
and overcame foes that were identified with an archaic religious and social
order. As Heracles was the Dorian hero, Theseus was a founding hero, considered
by Athenians as their own great reformer: his name comes from the same root as
θεσμός ("thesmos"), Greek for "The Gathering".
HERACLES (HERCULES): THE TWELVE LABORS
The
First Labor: The Nemean Lion
The
Second Labor: The Lernean Hydra
The
Third Labor: Erymanthian Boar
The
Fourth Labor: Cerynian Hind
The
Fifth Labor: Augean Stables
The
Sixth Labor: Stymphalian Birds
The
Seventh Labor: The Cretan Bull
The
Eighth Labor: Horses of Diomedes
The
Ninth Labor: The Belt of Hippolyte
The
Tenth Labor: Cattle of Geryon
The
Eleventh Labor: The Golden Apples of the Hesperides
The
Twelfth Labor: Cerberus
demi-god hero
is a divine or supernatural being in classical mythology.
The term has been used in various ways at different times and can refer to a
figure who has attained divine status after death, a minor deity, or a mortal
who is the offspring of a god and a human being.
Tom Stoppard
is a British playwright and screenwriter, knighted in 1997.
He has written prolifically for TV, radio, film and stage, finding prominence
with plays such as Arcadia, The Coast of Utopia, Every Good Boy Deserves
Favour, Professional Foul, The Real Thing, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are
Dead. He co-wrote the screenplays for Brazil, The Russia House, and Shakespeare
in Love, and has received one Academy Award and four Tony Awards. Themes of
human rights, censorship and political freedom pervade his work along with
exploration of linguistics and philosophy. Stoppard has been a key playwright
of the National Theatre and is one of the most internationally performed
dramatists of his generation.
A
midsummer Night’s Dream
a comedy written by William Shakespeare between 1590
and 1597, portrays the events surrounding the
marriage of Theseus, the Duke of Athens, to Hippolyta. These include the
adventures of four young Athenian lovers and a
group of six amateur actors (the mechanicals) who are controlled and
manipulated by the fairies who inhabit the forest in which most of the play is
set. The play is one of Shakespeare's most popular works for the stage
and is widely performed across the world.
Character
Puck: Robin Goodfellow, Puck is
Oberon’s jester, a mischievous fairy who delights in playing pranks on mortals.
Though A Midsummer Night’s Dream divides its action between several groups of characters, Puck is the closest
thing the play has to a protagonist. His enchanting, mischievous spirit
pervades the atmosphere, and his antics are responsible for many of the
complications that propel the other main plots: he mistakes the young
Athenians, applying the love potion to Lysander instead of Demetrius, thereby
causing chaos within the group of young lovers
Oberon - The king of
the fairies, Oberon is initially at odds with his wife, Titania, because she
refuses to relinquish control of a young Indian prince whom he wants for a
knight. Oberon’s desire for revenge on Titania leads him to send Puck to
obtain the love-potion flower that creates so much of the play’s confusion and
farce.
Titania
- The beautiful
queen of the fairies, Titania resists the attempts of her husband, Oberon, to
make a knight of the young Indian prince that she has been given. Titania’s brief, potion-induced love for
Nick Bottom, whose head Puck has transformed into that of an ass, yields the
play’s foremost example of the contrast motif.
Lysander
- A
young man of Athens, in love with Hermia. Lysander’s relationship with Hermia
invokes the theme of love’s difficulty: he cannot marry her openly because
Egeus, her father, wishes her to wed Demetrius; when Lysander and Hermia
run away into the forest, Lysander becomes the victim of misapplied magic and
wakes up in love with Helena.
Demetrius - A young man
of Athens, initially in love with Hermia and ultimately in love with Helena.
Demetrius’s obstinate pursuit of Hermia throws love out of balance among the
quartet of Athenian youths and precludes a symmetrical two-couple arrangement.
Cupid
is the god of
desire, erotic love, attraction and affection. He
is often portrayed as the son of the love goddess Venus and the war god Mars,
and is known in Latin also as Amor ("Love"). His Greek counterpart is
Eros.
Although Eros is
in Classical Greek art as a slender winged youth, during the Hellenistic
period, he was increasingly portrayed as a chubby boy. During this time, his
iconography acquired the bow and arrow that represent his source of power: a
person, or even a deity, who is shot by Cupid's
arrow is filled with uncontrollable desire. In myths, Cupid is a minor
character who serves mostly to set the plot in motion. He is a main character
only in the tale of Cupid and Psyche, when wounded by his own weapons he
experiences the ordeal of love. Although other extended stories are not told
about him, his tradition is rich in poetic themes and visual scenarios, such as
"Love conquers all" and the retaliatory
punishment or torture of Cupid.
Cupid love potion:
Love-in-idleness is the flower mentioned in the
works of William Shakespeare that inspired romantic love
In Act 2, Scene 1,
Puck fetches a pansy (a.k.a. "Cupid's flower")
so that Oberon can use its magic juice to make his
victims fall head-over-heels in love. Here's how Oberon describes it:
The juice of it on
sleeping eye-lids laid
Will make or man
or woman madly dote
Upon the next live
creature that it sees (2.1.170-172)
The stuff actually
works and it wreaks havoc on several characters. After Oberon
drops the love juice in sleeping Titania's eyes, the Fairy Queen wakes
up and falls in love with an "ass". Puck also squeezes the love
potion in Lysander's eyes and, when he wakes up and sees Helena, Lysander
forgets all about his girlfriend and becomes fixated on her instead. This goes
on and on until Oberon and Puck take pity on their hapless victims and whip up
an antidote, which is the "juice" of a different kind of flower –
"Dian's bud".
Theseus and Hippolyta
The relationship between Theseus and Hippolyta represents ideal, mature
love, and contrasts with the other lovers’ relationships. Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazon, is betrothed
to Theseus, Athenian duke. Occasionally,
they disagree about certain issues, but due to their mature personalities, they
are able to confront their problems, resolve them, and let them go. They
understand the terms of their relationship, and they know their places.
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