The Iliad
Homeric epithet
Homeric
epithet: A characteristic of
Homer’s style is the use of epithets
epic: an epic is a lengthy narrative poem,
ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events
significant to a culture or nation.
The first epic was
products of preliterate societies and oral poetic traditions.
Mediterranean
The history of the
Mediterranean region is the history of the interaction of the cultures and
people of the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea--
the central superhighway of transport, trade and cultural exchange between
diverse peoples.
Stories
Cassandra and Apollo
One day when
Apollo swung by personally to take a look at his temple, all Cassandra saw was
his beauty and power. She gave him a saucy grin. Apollo was delighted. He
offered a deal to Cassandra. If she should give a kiss, he would give her the
gift of prophecy so she could see in the future. As soon as Apollo gave her the
prophecy, she looked eagerly into the future. She saw Apollo helping to destroy
her beloved city of Troy. Apollo was angry about that she said. However, he
couldn’t take the gift away. He could just add it. So, from then on, Cassandra could see the future, but no one believed what
she said.
Cassandra: She was the daughter of king Priam and Queen Hecuba
of Troy.
Priam: He was the king of Troy during the Trojan
War.
Hecuba: She was the queen in Greek mythology.
Oral poetry →Epic poetry →Lyric poetry
Oral poetry: is poetry
that is composed and transmitted without the aid of writing. The complex
writing relationships between written and spoken literature in same societies
can make this definition hard to maintain.
Epic poetry: a lengthy
narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of
heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation.
For example: The Odyssey, The Iliad
Lyric poetry: is a form
which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first
person. The term derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature. The lyric,
which was defined by its musical accompaniment, usually on a stringed
instrument known as a lyre.
God
Hephaestus
He is the Greek
god of fire and volcanoes. He is the son of Zeus and Hera, he was Hera’s
parthenogenous child, rejected by his mother because of his deformity and thrown
out of heaven and down to earth. He makes all the weapons of the gods in Olympus.
His symbols are a smith’s hammer, anvi, and a pair of tongs.
Roman Empire
It was the most
extensive political and social structure in western civilization.
Augustus
He was the founder
of and its first Emperor. He ruled the empire from 31 BCE until 14 CE. The Roman Peace was a time of peace and last over 200
years.
Tiberius
He was the adopted
son of Roman Emperor Augustus, never aspired to follow his stepfather’s
footsteps—that path was chosen by his domineering mother, Livia.
Caesar
He was a Roman
statesman. He joined the Roman army in 81 CE and was the first Roman army
commander to invade England.
Ancient writing system
Cuneiform: is one of the earliest writing systems, distinguished
by its wedge- shaped marks on clay tablets, made by means of a blunt reed for a
stylus.
Hieroglyph: is a character of the ancient Egyptian writing system.
In Renaissance, a hieroglyph was an artistic representation of an esoteric
idea.
Phoenician alphabet
It is the oldest
verified alphabet. It contained 22 alphabets. It is derived from Egyptian
hieroglyphics. It was used for the writing of Phoenician.
Religion
Hebrews: It was known as Judaism. It is one of the
oldest religions on Earth. Judaism is monotheistic.
It worships a single god.
Ten
Commandments
It was listed in
the Hebrew Bible. The commandments include instructions to worship only God, to
honor parents, and to keep the sabbath.
Greeks: The ancient Greeks were a deeply
religious people. They worshiped many gods whom they believed appeared in
human.
Romans: Most of the gods and goddesses were a
blend of several religious influences. From the beginning Roman religion was polytheistic. As the empire expanded, the Roman
refrained from imposing their religious beliefs upon they conquered.
Eventually, all of the gods were washed away, gradually replaced by Christianity.
Christianity: It is
the monotheistic religion based on the life.
Ancient Greece
Sparta: It was a prominent city- state in ancient
Greece. It focused on military training and excellence.
Sparta
elite
Oligarchy: a rule or a command. It is a form of
power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people.
Athens: It is the largest and capital city of
Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world’s oldest
cities.
Athena
democracy
It is the first
known democracy in the world. It was a system of direct
democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly. It
represented a bold achievement of civic equality.
Achilles’s armor
Achilles
has a really strong and undefeated armor. It is a gift from Hephaestus, the god
of the smith, when Peleus and Thetis[Achilles’s parents] got married. This
armor concluded helmet, shield, armor.
Armor: a defensive
covering, as a metal, wood, or leather to protect the body
Shield: a board
piece of armor made of rigid material and strapped to the arm or carried in the
hand
Helmet: a
protective head covering made of material
Book-Mythology
Mythology: is a
collection of myths, especially one belonging to a particular religious or
cultural tradition of a group of people – their collection of stories they tell
to explain nature, history, and customs.
Additional Supplement
xerox
copy: a copy made by a
xerographic printer
Elizabeth
She was the queen
of England and Ireland. Someone calls her the virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good
Queen Bess.
Vocabulary
com:
together
compose: to
come together to form or to create and write
combat: active
fighting especially in a war
vulnerable: easily
hurt or harmed physically
invulnerable: impossible to hurt
or harm
dic:
to say
predict: to say something that
it may happen in the future
dictator: a
person who rules a country with totally authority and often in a cruel way
dictionary: a
reference book that contains words listed in alphabetical order and gives the
word meanings
rage:
angry
outrageous: very bad or wrong in
a way that causes anger
Movies
The great Gatsby
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