Western Literature Week sixteen

Jonah

It is the name given in the Hebrew Bible to a prophet of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BC. He is the eponymous central character in the Book of Jonah, famous for being swallowed by a fish or whale, depending on translation. The Biblical story of Jonah is repeated, with a few notable differences. 

Catholic Vulgate

It is a late fourth—century Latin translation of the Bible that become, during the 16th century, the Catholic Church’s officially promulgated Latin version of the Bible.  

Monotheism

It is a belief in the existence of one god, or in the oneness of God. As such, it is distinguished from polytheism, the belief in the existence of many gods, and from atheism, the belief that there is no god. Monotheism characterizes the traditions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and elements of the belief are discernible in numerous other religions.

Catholicism

It is in this sense refer to the practices of several Christian churches. This sense is to be distinguished from the use of these words to refer to the Roman Catholic Church, that which is full communication with the Holy See, as well as the Orthdox Catholic Church, which also considers itself the universal and apostolic church. It used as broad terms for describing specific traditions in the Christian churches in the theology, doctrine, liturgy, ethics, and spiritually.

Orthdox Catholic Church

Protestantism

It is a form of Christian faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation, a movement against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.

The New Testament

It is the second major part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible. The Greek New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first—century Christianity. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture. The New Testament has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world. It reflects and severs as a source for Christian theology and morality. Both extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament are also incorporated into the various Christian liturgies. The New Testament has influenced religious, philosophical and political movements in Christendom, and left an indelible mark on literature, art and music.

Old Testament vs. New Testament

Old Testament [39 chapters]

The main character in the Old Testament is Satan. (It's all about Satan's trial or how to avoid the seduction by Satan)

>> Genesis

New Testament [27 chapters]

The main character in the New Testament is Jesus Christ.

The New Testament was written by Greek language including four Gospels. ( Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John)

>> Why Jesus teaches in Parable?

Because the disciples he had were almost from lower social economy status. Parable would describe things easily such as "Prodigal Son".

>> Jesus knocking on the door of your heart

Book Discussion

p.178

The Hebrew Bible [Psalm 23]

The writer describes God as his Shepherd. The text, beloved by Jews and Christians alike, is often alluded to in popular media and has been set to music many times. 

>> The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want

>> He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters

>> This is the remaining of ancient language

>> He restoreth my soul he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake.

>>Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me: thy rod and thy staff they comfort me

Thou means you and Thy means your. Those are the remaining of German language due to the Martin’s Luther’s Reformation

Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies 

p.117—121

Genesis 1—4: Freewill Salvation The Fall

God places the man in a garden in Eden where he is permitted to till the land and tend the garden and animals. God also places a tree in the garden, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, and God prohibits the man from eating the fruit of this tree, warning him that he would die if he ate the fruit. But none of the animals are found to be a suitable companion for the man, so God causes the man to sleep and creates a woman from a part of his body. The woman is established as subordinate to the man, as the impetus for her creation is to serve the needs of the man by being his "helpmate" and to ensure that he not "be alone." The man describes the woman in as "bone of my bones, flesh of my flesh", and he calls his new partner "woman", "for this one was taken from a man".

The expulsion from Eden narrative begins with a dialogue between the woman and a serpent, as an animal that was more crafty than any other animal made by God, though, it should be noted, Genesis does not identify the serpent with Satan. The woman is willing to talk to the serpent and respond to the creature's cynicism by rehearsing God's prohibition against eating fruit from the tree of knowledge. The woman is lured into dialogue on the serpent's terms which directly disputes God's command. The serpent assures the woman that God will not let her die if she ate the fruit, and, furthermore, that if she ate the fruit, her "eyes would be opened" and she would "be like God, knowing good and evil". Indeed, the woman sees that the fruit of the tree of knowledge is a delight to the eye and that it would be desirable to acquire wisdom by eating the fruit. The woman eats the fruit and gives some to the man. With this the man and woman recognize their own nakedness, and they make cloths of fig leaves and loincloth.

p.122—125

Genesis 6—9 Noah and the Flood

God saw how great wickedness had become and decided to wipe mankind from the face of the earth. However, one righteous man among all the people of that time, Noah, found favor in God's eyes. With very specific instructions, God told Noah to build an ark for him and his family in preparation for a catastrophic flood that would destroy every living thing on earth. God also instructed Noah to bring into the ark two of all living creatures, both male and female, and seven pairs of all the clean animals, along with every kind of food to be stored for the animals and his family while on the ark. Noah obeyed everything God commanded him to do. After they entered the ark, rain fell on the earth for a period of forty days and nights. The waters flooded the earth for a hundred and fifty days, and every living thing on the face of the earth was wiped out. As the waters receded, the ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat. Noah and his family continued to wait for almost eight more months while the surface of the earth dried out.

Finally after an entire year, God invited Noah to come out of the ark. Immediately, he built an altar and worshiped the Lord with burnt offerings from some of the clean animals. God was pleased with the offerings and promised never again to destroy all the living creatures as he had just done. Later God established a covenant with Noah: "Never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth." As a sign of this everlasting covenant God set a rainbow in the clouds.

p.126

Genesis 11: The Tower of Babel

Up until this point in the Bible, the whole world had one language - one common speech for all people. The people of the earth became skilled in construction and decided to build a city with a tower that would reach to heaven. By building the tower they wanted to make a name for themselves and also prevent their city from being scattered. God came to see their city and the tower they were building. He perceived their intentions, and in His infinite wisdom, He knew this "stairway to heaven" would only lead the people away from God. He noted the powerful force within their unity of purpose. As a result, God confused their language, causing them to speak different languages so they would not understand each other. By doing this, God thwarted their plans. He also scattered the people of the city all over the face of the earth.

>>After the Babel

After Babel is a comprehensive study of the subject of language and translation. It is both a controversial and seminal workthat covers a great deal of new ground and has remained the most thorough book on this topic since its publication. Director Peter Bush of the British Centre for Literary Translation at the University of East Anglia described the book as a "pioneering work which revealed all communication as a form of translation, and how central translation is to relations between cultures." Daniel Hahn at ContemporaryWriters.com wrote that "It is extraordinary in making a real contribution to translation studies, while remaining fairly self-contained and accessible to people who have never before given the matter a second thought."

Cain and Abel

According to the Book of Genesis, Cain and Abel are two sons of Adam and Eve. Cain is described as a crop farmer and his younger brother Abel as a shepherd. Cain was the first human born and Abel was the first human to die. Cain committed the first murder by killing Abel. Interpretations of Genesis 4 by ancient and modern commentators have typically assumed that the motives were jealously and anger. The story of Cain and Abel is found in the Christian Bible, Jewish Torah and Muslim Quran.

Additional Supplement

WASP: White Anglo—Saxon Protestant

It is an informal, sometimes disparaging term for a group of high—statues and influential White Americans of English Protestant ancestry. The term applies to a group believed to control disproportionate social, political, and financial power in the United States. It describes a group whose family wealth, education, status, and elite connections allow them a degree of opportunity held by few others.

Vocabulary

ant: people

flight attendant

mor: death

morgue: a place where the bodies of dead people are kept until they are buried or cremated

morally: concerning or relating to what is right and wrong in human behavior

moraine: an accumulation of earth and stones carried and finally deposited by a glacier

Video 

Ex—President George W. Bush’s post speech

When George W. Bush made his speech for 911 attacks, he put some content from Psalm 23.

Quotation: " I appreciate so very much the members of Congress who have joined me in strongly condemning these attacks. And on behalf of the American people, I thank the many world leaders who have called to offer their condolences and assistance. America and our friends and allies join with all those who want peace and security in the world, and we stand together to win the war against terrorism. Tonight, I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us, spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are with me."

-- "You" here means God. 

Movie

Elizabeth

English Vocabulary and Etymology Week sixteen

Vocabulary

hypo: under

hypocrite

meaning: a person who claims or to have certain beliefs about what is right but who behaves in a way that disagrees with those beliefs

Example: People think he is a hypocrite.

hypodermic

meaning: used for putting fluids into or taking fluids out of the body by going under the skin

Example: Introduce a hypodermic needle into a vein.

hyper: over, beyond

hyperbole

meaning: language that describes something as better or worse than it really is

Example: American humor is founded largely on hyperbole.

hyperlink

meaning: a highlighted word or picture in a document or Web page that you can click on with a computer mouse to go to another place in the same or a different document or Web page  

Example: From their web page, he can hyperlink the sites. 

card/cardio: heart

cardinal

meaning: a common North American bird; a priest of the Roman Catholic Church who ranks immediately below the Pope

Example: Cardinals elect and advise the Pope.

cardiovascular

meaning: causing the heart to beat faster and harder for a period of time

Example: A trademark used for a beta - adrenergic blocking agent for the treatment of certain cardiovascular conditions.

do: control

domain

meaning: the land that a ruler or a government controls

Example: The book showed the domain of medicine.

der: skin

dermatology

meaning: the scientific study of the skin and its diseases

Example: He is studying the dermatology.

politan: famous

metropolitan

meaning: the primate of an ecclesiastical province

Example: The chief see of a metropolitan bishop.

pro: agree

prohibit

meaning: to order (someone) not to use or do something

Example: Many societies prohibit marriages between blood relatives.

mort: death

postmortem

meaning: happening after death

Example: What should they do after the postmortem?

postnuptial

meaning: made or occurring after marriage or mating

ndum: to be done

memorandum

meaning: a usually brief written message or report from one person or department in a company or organization to another

Example: His suggestion was contained in a memorandum

published here today.  

referendum

meaning: an event in which the people of a county, state, etc., vote for or against a law that deals with a specific issue : a public vote on a particular issue

Example: The government decided to hold a referendum on the abolition of capital punishment.

successor: a person who has a job, position, or title after someone else : someone who succeeds another person

succeed: to do what you are trying to do : to achieve the correct or desired result

success: the fact of getting or achieving wealth, respect, or fame

successful: having the correct or desired result : ending in success

successive: following one after the other in a series : following each other without interruption

blend: to mix (things) thoroughly and usually with good results

Sara prefix, root and suffix 

Wang Cindy’s blog

mega: great

megabuck: one million dollars

pre: before

precede: to happen, go, or come before (something or someone)

trans: across

transcend: to rise above or go beyond the normal limits of (something)

transcript: a written, printed, or typed copy of words that have been spoken

Stigma

It is a term used by members of the Christian faith to describe body marks, sores, or sensations of pain in locations corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus Christ, such as the hands, wrists, and feet causing extreme pain and torrid affect of humiliation. An individual bearing the wounds of Stigmata is referred to as a Stigmatist.

Saint Francis of Assisi

He was informally named as Francesco. He was an Italian Roman Catholic friar and preacher. He founded the men's Order of Friars Minor, the women’s Order of Saint Clare, the Third Order of Saint Francis and the Custody of the Holy Land. Francis is one of the most venerated religious figures in history.

Pope

It is the Bishop of Rome and the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter, to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI.

--Saint Peter

He was also known as Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simōn, according to the New Testament, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, leaders of the early Christian Church. The Roman Catholic Church considers him to be the first Pope, ordained by Jesus in the "Rock of My Church" dialogue in Matthew 16:18. The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and associate him with founding the Church of Antioch and later the Church in Rome, but differ about the authority of his various successors in present-day Christianity.

--Pope Francis

He is the 266th and current Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, a title he holds ex officio as Bishop of Rome, and Sovereign of the Vatican City.. Francis is the first Jesuit pope, the first from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere and the first non-European pope since the Syrian Gregory III in 741.

--Pope Benedict XVI

He was served as Pope of the Catholic Church from 2005 until his resignation in 2013. Benedict was elected on 19 April 2005 in a papal conclave following the death of Pope John Paul II and was inaugurated on 24 April 2005.

Red herring

A red herring is something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important issue. It may be either a logical fallacy or a literary device that leads readers or audiences towards a false conclusion. A red herring might be intentionally used, such as in mystery fiction or as part of rhetorical strategie, or it could be inadvertently used during argumentation.

Stephan Crane

He was an American poet, novelist, and short story writer. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation.

Whack-a- mole

In a military context, the term is used to refer to ostensibly inferior opposing troops who keep re- appearing, while in a computing and networking context, it refers to the process of fending off recurring spammers, vandals, or miscreants.

Needle dermatologist

The therapy called micro-needling—in which a device delivers tiny needle pricks to stimulate the skin’s natural healing processes—can minimize wrinkles and improve the appearance of scars in all skin types and with minimal recovery. Dermatologists and aestheticians typically offer the treatment, but home devices are also available.

尾音要念

Nike, Persephone, Penelope

lame duck  

A lame duck, in politics, is an elected official who is approaching the end of their tenure, especially one whose successor has already been elected. The official is often seen as having less influence with other politicians due to their limited time left in office. Conversely, a lame duck is free to make decisions that exercise their standard powers with little fear of consequence, such as issuing executive orders or other controversial edicts. Lame duck politicians result from term limits, planned retirement, or electoral losses.